In the United States, federal law does not provide a specific criminal determination for consensual BDSM activities. One of the pivotal legal precedents often referenced in discussions about the legality of BDSM is the case of People v. Jovanovic, 95 N.Y.2d 846 (2000), also known as the "Cybersex Torture Case." This case was instrumental in establishing that consensual acts do not constitute assault if both parties have agreed to the activities involved. Despite this precedent, the legality of BDSM practices can vary significantly across state lines.

That being said, Here is the legal status by state…

I can provide a general overview based on common legal principles, but for precise and up-to-date information, consulting legal professionals or current legal resources is recommended. Here’s a summary of BDSM legality by state, based on general legal interpretations:

1. Alabama - Legal; subject to local interpretations and consent laws.

2. Alaska - Legal; no specific laws against BDSM, but general assault laws apply.

3. Arizona - Legal; consent is key, though local regulations may vary.

4. Arkansas - Legal; consent is essential to avoid criminal charges.

5. California - Legal; California law recognizes the importance of consent in BDSM practices.

6. Colorado - Legal; BDSM activities are permissible if all parties consent.

7. Connecticut - Legal; consent must be clear to avoid legal issues.

8. Delaware - Legal; consent is necessary to avoid assault charges.

9. Florida - Legal; consent is critical, but local laws might affect practices.

10. Georgia - Legal; explicit consent is required to ensure legality.

11. Hawaii - Legal; general consent laws apply to BDSM activities.

12. Idaho - Legal; consent is crucial, with potential local variations.

13. Illinois - Legal; consensual BDSM is generally permissible.

14. Indiana - Legal; consent is key to avoiding legal complications.

15. Iowa - Legal; consensual practices are generally allowed.

16. Kansas - Legal; consent is required to avoid criminal charges.

17. Kentucky - Legal; BDSM is generally legal with clear consent.

18. Louisiana - Legal; consent is essential to avoid legal issues.

19. Maine - Legal; BDSM activities are permissible with explicit consent.

20. Maryland - Legal; BDSM is legal if all parties consent.

21. Massachusetts - Legal; consent is a major factor in determining legality.

22. Michigan - Legal; BDSM practices are generally acceptable with consent.

23. Minnesota - Legal; consent is key to avoiding legal issues.

24. Mississippi - Legal; consent is crucial for avoiding criminal charges.

25. Missouri - Legal; consent is required for BDSM to avoid legal problems.

26. Montana - Legal; BDSM is generally legal with explicit consent.

27. Nebraska - Legal; BDSM is allowed if all parties consent.

28. Nevada - Legal; BDSM is permissible with clear consent.

29. New Hampshire - Legal; consent is essential for legal BDSM practices.

30. New Jersey - Legal; explicit consent is crucial to avoid criminal charges.

31. New Mexico - Legal; BDSM is generally legal with consent.

32. New York - Legal; BDSM activities are permitted with consent.

33. North Carolina - Legal; consent is necessary to avoid legal issues.

34. North Dakota - Legal; BDSM is allowed if all parties consent.

35. Ohio - Legal; consent is essential to avoid legal problems.

36. Oklahoma - Legal; BDSM practices are generally legal with consent.

37. Oregon - Legal; consent is crucial for BDSM activities.

38. Pennsylvania - Legal; BDSM is legal with clear consent.

39. Rhode Island - Legal; consent is necessary to avoid criminal charges.

40. South Carolina - Legal; BDSM activities are permissible with consent.

41. South Dakota - Legal; BDSM is allowed if all parties consent.

42. Tennessee - Legal; consent is critical to avoid legal issues.

43. Texas - Legal; BDSM is generally permissible with consent.

44. Utah - Legal; BDSM practices are allowed with clear consent.

45. Vermont - Legal; BDSM is permissible with explicit consent.

46. Virginia - Legal; consent is necessary to avoid criminal charges.

47. Washington - Legal; BDSM activities are allowed with consent.

48. West Virginia - Legal; consent is crucial for legal BDSM practices.

49. Wisconsin - Legal; BDSM is generally acceptable with consent.

50. Wyoming - Legal; BDSM practices are allowed if all parties consent.

This overview provides a broad understanding of the legality of BDSM across the states. For specific legal advice or the most recent legal changes, consulting with a legal expert or attorney is recommended.